After completing this module, learners should be able to understand the importance of value chain analysis in the hospitality industry and how it can be used to identify opportunities for reducing waste, increasing efficiency, and creating new revenue streams. They should also be able to explain the benefits of implementing a sustainable value chain model, including reduced costs, improved efficiency, increased customer loyalty, and enhanced reputation. By applying these concepts and tools, learners can help hospitality SMEs to operate more sustainably, efficiently, and profitably.